Chapter 6| Chapter 6 |
Chapter 7
Resources
Chapter 7 is not intended to serve as a list of works cited, nor is it an exhaustive bibliography. Instead, these publications, organizations, and Internet sites have been useful to us in preparing this guide. These resources may be useful to others as well, as they embark upon smart growth visioning and planning processes: Every community, urban or rural, can benefit from knowing what is happening elsewhere and what processes have been attempted.
The first section contains a list of books, articles, and guides. Most of the books and articles are readily available at a city or regional library. The guides have step-by-step explanations of different process and implementation techniques. Many of these publications were authored by an organization listed (with contact information) in the second section of this chapter.
In the second section, organizations and Internet sites are listed. A number of these organizations can provide technical assistance. Moreover, a number of publications can be found on the Internet, together with a great deal of other information available at the click of the "mouse." This information is, for the most part, available through the Internet free of charge. Even if you do not have a home computer with Internet access, many public libraries today offer access to the Internet.
For further resources, see also the five appendices following Chapter 7. Appendices A-D list common sources of data; Appendix E lists possible sources of assistance in process facilitation.
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BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND GUIDES
Adams, Bruce. 1995. Tonya M Yoder, ed. Building Healthy Communities. Charlottesville, NC: Pew Partnership for Civic Change.
Anderson, Larz T. 1987. Seven Methods for Calculating Land Capability/Suitability. Planning Advisory Service Memo, Report #402, American Planning Association.
Anselin, Luc, and Moss Madden, eds. 1990. New Directions in Regional Analysis: Integrated and Multi-regional Approaches. London and New York: Belhaven Press.
Arendt, Randall, ed. 1994. Rural by Design: Maintaining Small Town Character. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
Baldassare, Mark, Joshua Hassol, William Hoffman, and Abby Kanarek. 1996. Possible Planning Roles for Regional Government: A Survey of City Planning Directors in California. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,1: 17-29.
Beatley, Timothy, and Kristy Manning. 1997. The Ecology of Place: Planning for Environment, Economy, and Community. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Beaumont, Constance E. 1996. Smart States, Better Communities. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation.
Benedict, Glenda, Lee Cary, Duane Gibson, Otto Hoiberg, and James Summers. 1980. Duane Summers, ed. A Citizen’s Guide to Community Development. NJ: Peterson’s Guide for the National University Extension Association.
Berry, Michael W., and B.C. Hazen. 1995. The Simulation of Land-Cover Change Using a Distributed Computing Environment. Simulation Practice and Theory 5 (1997) 489-514.
Biddle, William W., and Loureide J. Biddle. 1968. Encouraging Community Development: A Training Guide for Local Workers. New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, Inc.
Bier, David C. July 1997. Planning with Satellite Remote Sensing. Planning Advisory Service Memo, American Planning Association.
Bosselman, Fred, and David Callies. 1971. The Quiet Revolution in Land Use Control, a report prepared for the Council on Environmental Quality. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Briand, Michael. 1995. Tonya M. Yoder, ed. Building Deliberative Communities. Charlottesville, NC: Pew Partnership for Civic Change.
Bryan, W. Barry. 1986. Strategic Planning Workbook for Non-Profit Organizations. St. Paul, MN: Amherst H. Wilder Foundation.
Bryson, John M., and Robert C. Einsweiler, ed. 1988. Strategic Planning: Threats and Opportunities For Planners. Chicago: IL, American Planning Association Planners Press.
Campbell, Heather. 1996. A Social Interactionist Perspective on Computer Implementation. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,1: 99-107.
Camph, Donald. June 1995. How Sprawl Costs Us All. STPP Progress.
Chrislip, David D., and Carl E. Larson. 1994. Collaborative Leadership: How Citizens and Civic Leaders Can Make a Difference. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
A Citizen’s Guide to Achieving A Healthy Community, Economy, & Environment. May 1996. Leesburg, VA: Center for Compatible Economic Development.
The Civic Index: A New Approach to Improving Community Life. 1998. Denver, CO: National Civic League.
Clayton, Anthony M. H., and Nicholas J. Radcliffe. 1996. Sustainability: A Systems Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Community-Based Environmental Protection: A Resource Book for Protecting Ecosystems and Communities. July 1997. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Community Visioning: A Tool for Managing Change. July 1996. Planning Advisory Service Memo, American Planning Association.
Cran, Rodney L. 1978. Let’s Do It Now. Westport, CN: Condor Publishing Co., Inc.
Dale, Virginia H., and Mary R. English, eds. 1999. Tools to Aid Environmental Decision Making. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Daniels, Tom. 1999. When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Daniels, Tom, and Deborah Bowers. 1997. Holding Our Ground: Protecting America’s Farms and Farmland. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Daniels, Thomas L., and Mark B. Lapping. Summer 1996. The Two Rural Americas Need More, Not Less Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,3: 285-88.
Daniels, Thomas L., John Keller, and Mark B. Lapping. 1995. The Small Town Planning Handbook. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association Planners Press.
DeMers, M. N. 1997. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Deville, Adrian and Tim Turpin. 1997. Research and Ecologically Sustainable Development: ‘How Will We Know What We Want To Know?’ Science and Public Policy 24,2: 123-134.
Dodge, William R., and Kim Montgomery. May 1995. Shaping A Region’s Future: A Guide to Strategic Decision Making For Regions. Asheville, NC and Pittsburgh, PA: Land-of-Sky Regional Council and Strategic Partnerships Consulting.
English, Mary R. 1998. Smart Growth Is about Sprawl—and More. Getting Smart! 1,2: 6.
English, Mary R., Amy K. Gibson, David L. Feldman, and Bruce E. Tonn. September 1993. Stakeholder Involvement: Open Processes For Reaching Decisions about the Future Uses of Contamination Sites. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee.
Environmental Protection and Jobs: A Guide to the Basics. March 1997. OSEC Issue Brief #2. Office of Sustainable Ecosystems and Communities: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Planning for Small Communities: A Guide for Local Decision-Makers. September 1994. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Ewing, Reid. 1997. Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association 63,1: 107-126.
Flanagan, Joan. 1977. The Grass Roots Fundraising Book: How to Raise Money in Your Community. Chicago: The Shallow Press, Inc.
Forrest, Anne S. 1995. A Turning Point? The Environmental Forum March/April: 25-30.
Freedood, Julia, and American Farmland Trust. 1996. Farmland Pays (sprawl doesn’t). On the Ground 2,2: 16-22.
Gregory, Michelle. August 1996. Defining and Measuring Quality of Life. Planning Advisory Service Memo, American Planning Association.
Grizzle, Gloria. 1985. Priority-Setting Methods for Plural Policymaking Bodies. Administration and Society 17,3: 331-59.
Growth Policy, Annexation, and Incorporation Under Public Act 1101 of 1998: A Guide for Community Leaders. September 1998. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee Institute for Public Service and The Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.
Hammond, Allen, Albert Adriaanse, Eric Rodenburg, Dirk Bryant, and Richard Woodward. May 1995. Environmental Indicators: A Systematic Approach to Measuring and Reporting on Environmental Policy Performance in the Context of Sustainable Development. World Resources Institute.
Harris, Lisa A. May 1997. Value-Added Processing. OSEC Issue Brief #4. Office of Sustainable Ecosystems and Communities: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Howe, Jim, Ed McMahon, and Luther Probst. 1997. Balancing Nature and Commerce in Gateway Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Howland, Marie, and Francis Lindsay. 1997. Where Do Tenants Come From?: Using a Geographic Information System to Study the Demand for New Office Space. Journal of the American Planning Association 63,3: 356-364.
Innes, Judith E. 1992. Planning Through Consensus Building: A New View of the Comprehensive Planning Ideal. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,4: 460-72.
Institute for Environmental Education. 1993. Common Ground: A Practical Guide to Protecting Rural and Urban Land. Chagrin Falls, OH: Chadbourne & Chadbourne, Inc. (1-800-484-7949).
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives. 1996. The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide: An Introduction to Sustainable Development Planning. Toronto, Canada: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives.
Kaiser, Edward J., and David R. Godschalk. 1995. Twentieth Century Land Use Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 61,3: 365-385.
Kelley, Chris. 1996. In Search of New Life for Smaller Cities. LindLines 8,2.
Krizek, Kevin J., and Joe Power. 1996. A Planners Guide to Sustainable Development. Planning Advisory Service Memo, Report #467, American Planning Association.
Landis, John D. 1995. Imagining Land Use Futures: Applying the California Urban Futures Model. Journal of the American Planning Association 61,4: 438-457.
Levine, Ned. 1996. Spatial Statistics and GIS: Software Tools to Quantify Spatial Patterns. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,3: 381-391.
Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. 1995. Alternatives to Sprawl. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Land Institute.
Managing Community Growth and Change. 1992. Working Paper: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
Martin, Douglas. August 1997. Planning for Growth with Development Scenarios. Planning Advisory Service Memo, American Planning Association.
Meyer, Peter B., Thomas S. Lyons, and Vincent Mani. 1996. Forecasting Kentucky’s Environmental Futures. Louisville, KY: Kentucky Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development.
Miller, Donald, and Gert de Roo. 1996. Integrated Environmental Zoning: An Innovative Dutch Approach to Measuring and Managing Environmental Spillovers in Urban Regions. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,3: 373-380.
Moe, Richard, and Carter Wilkie. 1997. Changing Places: Rebuilding Community in the Age of Sprawl. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Monitoring Environmental Progress: A Report on Work in Progress. 1995. World Bank Publication.
Moscowitz, Karyn, and Randal O’Toole. Transitions: New Incentives for Rural Communities. The Thoreau Institute. Internet: http://www.ti.org/transits.html.
Nasar, Jack L., and David A. Julian. 1995. The Psychological Sense of Community in the Neighborhood. Journal of the American Planning Association 61,2: 178-184.
Nelessen, Anton C. 1994. Visions for a New American Dream: Process, Principles, and an Ordinance to Plan and Design Small Communities. Washington, DC: American Planning Association.
Nelson, Arthur C., and James B. Duncan. 1995. Growth Management Principles and Practices. Washington, DC: American Planning Association.
Nelson, Arthur C., James C. Nicholas, and Julian C. Juergensmeyer. 1991. A Practitioner’s Guide to Development Impact Fees. Washington, DC: American Planning Association..
Okubo, Derek. The Community Visioning and Strategic Planning Handbook. 1997. Denver, CO: National Civic League.
Platt, Rutherford H. 1995. The 2020 Water Supply Study for Metropolitan Boston: the Demise of Diversion. Journal of the American Planning Association 61,2: 185-199.
- - - . 1996. Land Use and Society: Geography, Law, and Public Policy. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Porter, Douglas R. 1996. Profiles in Growth Management. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
- - - . 1997. Managing Growth in America’s Communities. Washington, DC: Island Press.
Poston, Richard W. 1976. Action Now! A Citizen’s Guide to Better Communities. Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
President’s Council on Sustainable Development. 1996. Sustainable America: A New Consensus for the Future. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
Reinventing Citizenship: The Practice of Public Work. 1995. Minneapolis, MN: Center for Democracy and Citizenship and Minnesota Extension Service.
Richmond, Henry R. 1996. Exploding the Myths of Sprawl. Common Ground 8,1: 2.
Sawicki, David S., and Patricia Flynn. 1996. Neighborhood Indicators: A Review of the Literature and As Assessment of Conceptual and Methodological Issues. Journal of the American Planning Association 62,2: 165-183.
Scharre, Philip C., Philip W. Hyatt, and Kim Yates. 1997. Quality Communities Manual. Knoxville, TN: Tennessee Valley Authority.
Schmid, A. Allan, and Joseph T. Purello. December 1995. The Economics of Population Settlement: Cost of Alternative Growth Patterns, An Essay and Annotated Bibliography. RRD 172. Ames, IA: North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State University.
Schneider, Devon M., David R. Godschalk, and Norman Axler. 1978. The Carrying Capacity Concept as a Planning Tool. Planning Advisory Service Memo, American Planning Association.
Schwartz, Peter. 1991. The Art of the Long View. New York: Doubleday
Sierra Nevada Wealth Index: Understanding and Tracking Our Region’s Wealth. 1995. The Sierra Business Council.
Smart Moves for Healthier Communities. EPA 230-F-96-003. 1996. United States Environmental Protection Agency Transportation Partners.
Smith, Susan M., and Betty Huskins. 1996. The Land Use Guidance System. Cullowhee, NC: Western North Carolina for Tomorrow.
Stallworth, Holly. 1997. Community Economic Profiles. OSEC Issue Brief #3. Office of Sustainable Ecosystems and Communities: United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Stolzenburg, William. 1998. When Nature Draws the Map. Nature Conservancy. January/ February, 12-23.
Strauss, Bert, and Mary E. Stowe. 1974. How to Get Things Changed: A Handbook for Tackling Community Problems. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co., Inc.
Summers, M. S., D. R. Tufano, W. N. Naegeli, and H. E. Knee. 1995. Synthesis of Computer-Aided Technology for Transportation Planning, Operations, Presentation and Training. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Sustainable Seattle. 1993. Sustainable Seattle Indicators of Sustainable Community: A Report to Citizens on Long Term Trends in their Community. Seattle, WA: Sustainable Seattle.
Tauxe, Caroline S. 1995. Marginalizing Public Participation in Local Planning. Journal of the American Planning Association 61,4: 471-481.
Walzer, Norman, ed. 1996. Community Strategic Visioning Programs. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Wimberly, Ronald C., and Libby V. Morris. 1996. The Reference Book on Regional Well-Being: U.S. Regions, The Black Belt, Appalachia. Publication No. 203. Starkville, MS: Mississippi State University, Southern Rural Development Center.
Woodmansee, Jason. 1994. Community Visioning: Citizen Participation in Strategic Planning. International City/County Management Association’s MIS Report 26,3: 1-15.
Yin, Robert K. 1989. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Zachary, Jill. 1995. Sustainable Community Indicators: Guideposts for Local Planning. Gildea Resource Center: Community Environmental Council.
ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNET SITES
American Farmland Trust
Growing Smart The American Planning Association launched Growing Smart in 1994. Its long-term aim was to help states modernize existing statutes and change managers. There are three phases which result in two major products. Phase I focuses on state and regional planning and the relationships occurring between these entities. Phase II will result in model local planning legislation. Phase III provides communities with model implementation tools to manage change. The two major publications include a Legislation Guidebook and a set of working papers titled, Modernizing State Planning Statutes: The Growing Smart Working Papers. Source: http://www.planning.org/plnginfo/growsmar/gsindex.htm |
FutureScapes Program The FutureScapes Program began in the early 1990s, with East Tennessee Community Design Center volunteers and staff working in conjunction with the Tennessee Valley Authority. The concept behind the program is to find a balance between environmental protection and economic development by working with the natural environment -- a concept that echoes the thinking of landscape architect Ian McHarg (Design with Nature, 1969) and has been promoted by Robert Yaro, who directed the Center for Rural Massachusetts at the time he consulted with the Community Design Center. The FutureScapes program has undertaken demonstration projects in a few communities such as Pittman Center and Loudon County. It accepts projects on a limited basis only. Their approach emphasizes a participatory process and planning goals driven by the values of the community members. A report on the FutureScape project for Pittman Center can be purchased from the Community Design Center. To reach the Center, call (423) 525-9945. An Internet site is expected to be online shortly. |
Electronic Tools for Community
Sustainability
Southern Appalachian Assessment (SSA) The Southern Appalachian Assessment (SSA) was released in July 1996. It provides county-by-county information for the SSA area, which includes eastern Tennessee as well as parts of West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The report consists of five volumes: a summary report and atmospheric, social/cultural/economic, terrestrial, and aquatic reports. The reports are available via the Internet (http://wwwfs.libs.uga.edu/toc.htm) and in print. The set is also available on CD-ROM and is formatted for ARC/INFO. To view a description of the database contents, see http://sunsite.utk.edu/neighborhoods/SAMAB/samab/data/data_intro.html. The SSA was prepared by federal agencies (the U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Protection Agency, Fish & Wildlife Service, Forest Service, Geological Service, and National Biological Service, with the Appalachian Regional Commission, Tennessee Valley Authority, and U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory) and state agencies (the GA Department of Natural Resources, NC Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, and TN Department of Environment and Conservation). It was coordinated by the Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere (SAMAB) Cooperative . |
Tennessee Conservation League - Natural Resource Planning The Tennessee Conservation League is a non-profit organization based in Nashville whose mission is to provide conservation education programs to encourage the responsible stewardship of Tennessee’s natural resources. Recently, as one of its programs, the Tennessee Conservation League has embarked on an effort to help selected counties across Tennessee with natural resource planning, using a geographic information system and data sets to provide mapped information to the counties. (See Appendix C.) Executive Director of the Tennessee Conservation League: Ann Murray, (615) 353-1133. http://www.nashville.org/conservation.html |
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| Development Districts — Regional Development Teams Tennessee’s system of development districts are voluntary associations of municipal and county governments divided into nine Tennessee regions (see map). Formed in the 1960s, they provide a forum for local governments to solve regional problems concerning economic development and growth. http://www.state.tn.us/ecd/counties/developm.htm Within the past two years the development districts, working with the Tennessee Valley Authority, have established Regional Development Teams (RDTs). The teams are made up of experts who can assist communities and avoid duplication of effort. Typically, team members are agencies with region-wide responsibilities for providing technical assistance or funds to local communities for economic and community development. Each regional team has about 20 organizations. Each district has completed a RDT resource workbook that lists names, major services, and contact points for each agency. (DD=Development District)
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Tennessee Smart Growth Coalition The Tennessee Smart Growth Coalition is a newly formed non-profit organization made up of a diverse group of individuals from business, industry, local and state government, environmental organizations, academia, agriculture, forestry, and so forth. The purpose of the coalition is to serve as a catalyst for the cooperative building of a sustainable future for Tennessee and its communities. The coalition has a board of directors led by its president, Bill Miller, Manager of Environmental Affairs, Saturn Corporation, MD M-10, P.O. Box 1500, Spring Hill, TN 37174, (931) 486-7471. |
Tennessee Valley Authority -- Quality Communities Initiative TVA’s Quality Communities Initiative provides assistance to communities and regions (typically, non-urban counties) in undertaking processes to assess needs, evaluate trends, establish goals, outline recommended actions, and implement projects. The approach emphasizes building leadership and teamwork and combining "total quality improvement" principles with strategic planning. The focus is on economic development. The Quality Communities program is within TVA’s economic development division, which is now funded by TVA’s power supply side; it can only accept applicants within TVA’s power service region. The Quality Communities program has an extensive manual available in print and on CD-ROM. The manual describes the four phases of the Quality Communities process -- "Organize," "Plan," "Act," and "Grow" -- and includes suggestions and checklists. It also includes an extensive section on tools that can be used for team building, group decision making, meeting management, vision statements, problem solving, community meetings, and community action teams. The Quality Communities Initiative holds an annual conference which, as of 1999, will be co-hosted with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development program in Nashville. The Quality Communities Initiative is directed by Phil Scharre, a Community Development Specialist with TVA (423) 632-6394. |
UT Institute for Public Service The University of Tennessee’s Institute for Public Service includes several different agencies that provide service to Tennessee’s counties and municipalities. Among them are the County Technical Assistance Service (CTAS), the Municipal Technical Advisory Service (MTAS), and the Center for Government Training (CGT). Under Tennessee’s new growth policy law (see description in Chapter 1), these units will, in addition to their usual services, work with counties and municipalities to help implement the bill’s mandate. For a description of the Institute for Public Service and its agencies, see http://www.ips.utk.edu CTAS phone number: (615) 532-3555; MTAS phone number: (423) 974-0411; CGT phone number: (423) 974-9609. |
| Chapter 6 |
